橄榄多酚类物质研究进展

橄榄是中国传统的药用植物，其中多酚类物质是橄榄重要的功效成分之一。目前，橄榄多酚类物质研究较为 广泛，常用的提取方法包括温浸法、超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声与微波协同辅助提取法等，分离纯化 后采用液相色谱或液质联用技术鉴定多酚类物质的种类和成分，并对其抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌消炎、抗癌抑癌、解酒 护肝和提高机体免疫等方面的药理活性进行验证。此外，橄榄多酚类物质合成和代谢分子机理也已经被初步阐释。基 于上述研究报道，本文进一步对橄榄多酚类物质后续研究方向和产业化开发利用前景进行展望。     

农业科研副产品处置的困境及对策探讨

文章阐述了农业科研单位对科研副产品管理的现状及面临的问题,分析了农业科研副产品投入与产出的关系,并提出了以绩效考评为依据的科研副产品处置收入分配方式,从而达到优化科研人员收入分配机制的目的。     

新营养健康资源:白背天葵的研究进展

本文介绍了白背天葵的基本概况,包括生物学特性、来源与分布、栽培种植技术,系统地综述了营养价值、活性物质组成及生物学功效,并从中医学理论对其药理作用进行了阐述。此外,全面分析了白背天葵的研发现状及存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了相应的展望,以期为白背天葵的研发利用提供理论依据,为食品工业的发展提供新的动力。     

浅谈科技扶贫助力产业发展

距离2020年实现全面小康社会的时间越来越近，全国扶贫进入攻坚期，总结前一阶段的经验，更有效地开展精准扶贫，成为目前面临的重要问题。中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所作为农业领域国家级科研事业单位，多年来凭借自身科研与人才优势，在各地开展科技扶贫，文章尝试结合实际开展的扶贫工作，浅谈产业扶贫及科技扶贫的经验与面临的问题，希望为有效开展精准扶贫提供借鉴。     

Effects of dietary protein on growth performance,nutrient utilization,digestive enzymes and physiological status of grey mullet,Mugil cephalus L. fingerlings reared in inland saline water

A 60 days feeding trial was conducted to illustrate the effect of graded levels of protein on the growth and metabolic enzymes of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) fingerlings reared in inland saline water (ISW). Six isoenergetic (16 MJ/kg) and isolipidic (60 g/kg) diets containing 240, 260, 280, 300, 320 and 340 g crude protein (CP)/kg diet were formulated and fed to triplicate. Weight gain %, specific growth rate, protein utilizing efficiency, feed efficiency and RNA:DNA ratio were significantly higher (p < .05) in 320 and 300 g CP/kg diets. Fish fed with 240 g CP/kg diet showed significantly higher (p < .05) feed intake, whole‐body lipid content, hepatosomatic index value and liver glycogen content. Transaminase enzymes and malate dehydrogenase activities were elevated in fish fed 340 g CP/kg diet. Protease activity increased with increasing dietary CP level, but amylase activities showed an inverse relationship. No significant (p > .05) variations were observed for lactate dehydrogenase, oxidative stress enzymes, blood parameters and serum osmolality among all the treatment groups, but red blood cell count increases with increasing dietary CP levels. Based on the results, feeding dietary protein level of 300 g CP/kg is economically viable for rearing of grey mullet in ISW.     

Effects of bioflocs with different C/N ratios on growth,immunological parameters,antioxidants and culture water quality in Opsariichthys kaopingensis Dybowski

Biofloc technology (BFT) is a new ecological aquaculture technology that is intended not only to eradicate pollutants and elevate feed utilization but also to enhance immunity and antioxidant activity in aquatic animals. A 28‐day feeding trial was implemented to evaluate the effects of promoted bioflocs on the water quality, growth performance, immunological parameters and antioxidant status of Opsariichthys kaopingensis Dybowski juveniles in low exchange culture tanks. Three hundred sixty healthy O. kaopingensis juveniles (7.1 ± 0.02 g) were irregularly distributed among 12 tanks. Four C:N ratios in triplicate tanks were tried: C/N = 10.8:1 with a commercial diet (control), C/N = 15:1, C/N = 20:1 and C/N = 25:1. Anhydrous glucose (99.97%) was added to the commercial diet to maintain elevated carbon ratio in the three treatments. Uninterrupted 24‐hr aeration was supplied during the test by using an air‐stone connected to an air pump to develop the bioflocs in the water column. The results indicated that BFT significantly reduced total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite (NO2^?‐N), total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and water transparency (Secchi depth) in C/N 15, C/N 20 and C/N 25 (p < .05), whereas the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3^?‐N) concentrations gradually increased over time. In addition, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), survival and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly elevated in C/N 20, while food conversion rate (FCR) was considerably decreased (p < .05) in C/N 20, compared with the control. Significant increases in lysozyme (LSZ), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities of O. kaopingensis were found in the C/N 20 group after a 28‐day feeding trial (p < .05). Comparing the antioxidant capacity of O. kaopingensis in gills, brains, kidneys, hepatopancreas, intestines and serum of juveniles from the four experimental groups, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activity of juveniles in the C/N 20 group were significant higher (p < .05), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was considerably lower, than in the control. Overall, these findings suggest that BFT not only can enhance O. kaopingensis growth performance and strengthen antioxidant status but also can upgrade immune response, ensuring the sustainable development of aquaculture.     

基于文献计量学的山茱萸研究现状分析

山茱萸具有降血糖、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌等功能作用,开发山茱萸资源具有重要意义,其研究受到广大科技工作者的关注。为了解近10年来山茱萸的研究现状,本文采用文献计量学方法,以中国学术期刊网络出版总库(CNKI)2009—2018年的数据为检索对象,从年度分布、研究机构、学科分类、期刊来源等方面分析山茱萸研究文献,以期为研究者提供参考。     

浅淡森林抚育间伐作业中存在的问题与建议—以白龙江为例

在森林培育时,森林的抚育间伐是很重要的,通过抚育间伐可以在很大程度上提高森林的培育效率,对于林业的发展有着很好的推动作用,以白龙江为例阐述了白龙江林区抚育现状以及在抚育间伐过程中存在一些问题。因此,为了加强森林的培育,森林的抚育间伐措施应科学合理。基于此,分析森林抚育间伐过程中遇到的问题及采取的相应措施。     

创新方法在农业领域科研项目实施过程中的应用

本文基于创新方法在我国农业领域科研项目中的应用现状,总结概括了其在实施过程中不同的创新特征,以“七大作物育种为例”分析了创新方法应用过程中存在的问题及相关建议,为创新方法在科研项目实施过程中发挥驱动作用提供参考,提高科研创新效率。     

科研院所制度建设与思考 ——以中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所为例

制度建设是科研院所提升科技创新能力、推进成果转化应用、开展科技服务的重要保障.文章重点介绍了中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所制度建设的经验和做法,并结合科研院所实际,从制度建设的方法、程序、执行等方面提出了加强科研院所制度建设的建议.